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IGCSE 0654 Physics Formula

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Ashzlux 2025-03-10
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IGCSE 0654 Physics Formula

IGCSE 0654 Physics Formula

Formulae

P1 Motion Forces and Energy

Speed
Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) Time (s) Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) Time (s) “Speed (m/s)”=(“Distance (m)”)/(“Time (s)”)\text{Speed (m/s)} = \frac{\text{Distance (m)}}{\text{Time (s)}}Speed (m/s)=Distance (m)Time (s)
Acceleration
Acceleration (m/s 2 ) = Change in speed (m/s) Time taken (s) Acceleration (m/s 2 ) = Change in speed (m/s) Time taken (s) “Acceleration (m/s”^(2)”)”=(“Change in speed (m/s)”)/(“Time taken (s)”)\text{Acceleration (m/s}^2\text{)} = \frac{\text{Change in speed (m/s)}}{\text{Time taken (s)}}Acceleration (m/s2)=Change in speed (m/s)Time taken (s)
Weight
Weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (N/kg) Weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (N/kg) “Weight (N)”=”mass (kg)”xx”gravitational field strength (N/kg)”\text{Weight (N)} = \text{mass (kg)} \times \text{gravitational field strength (N/kg)}Weight (N)=mass (kg)×gravitational field strength (N/kg)
Density
Density (kg/m 3 ) = mass (kg) volume (m 3 ) Density (kg/m 3 ) = mass (kg) volume (m 3 ) “Density (kg/m”^(3)”)”=(“mass (kg)”)/(“volume (m”^(3)”)”)\text{Density (kg/m}^3\text{)} = \frac{\text{mass (kg)}}{\text{volume (m}^3\text{)}}Density (kg/m3)=mass (kg)volume (m3)
Hooke’s Law
Force (N) = spring constant (N/m) × extension (m) Force (N) = spring constant (N/m) × extension (m) “Force (N)”=”spring constant (N/m)”xx”extension (m)”\text{Force (N)} = \text{spring constant (N/m)} \times \text{extension (m)}Force (N)=spring constant (N/m)×extension (m)
Moment
Force (N) × perpendicular distance from pivot (m) = moment (Nm) Force (N) × perpendicular distance from pivot (m) = moment (Nm) “Force (N)”xx”perpendicular distance from pivot (m)”=”moment (Nm)”\text{Force (N)} \times \text{perpendicular distance from pivot (m)} = \text{moment (Nm)}Force (N)×perpendicular distance from pivot (m)=moment (Nm)
Newton’s Second Law
Force (N) = mass (kg) × acceleration (m/s 2 ) Force (N) = mass (kg) × acceleration (m/s 2 ) “Force (N)”=”mass (kg)”xx”acceleration (m/s”^(2)”)”\text{Force (N)} = \text{mass (kg)} \times \text{acceleration (m/s}^2\text{)}Force (N)=mass (kg)×acceleration (m/s2)
Pressure
Pressure (Pa) = Force (N) Area (m 2 ) Pressure (Pa) = Force (N) Area (m 2 ) “Pressure (Pa)”=(“Force (N)”)/(“Area (m”^(2)”)”)\text{Pressure (Pa)} = \frac{\text{Force (N)}}{\text{Area (m}^2\text{)}}Pressure (Pa)=Force (N)Area (m2)
Work Done
Work Done (J) = Force (N) × distance (m) Work Done (J) = Force (N) × distance (m) “Work Done (J)”=”Force (N)”xx”distance (m)”\text{Work Done (J)} = \text{Force (N)} \times \text{distance (m)}Work Done (J)=Force (N)×distance (m)
Kinetic Energy
Energy (J) = 1 2 × mass (kg) × velocity 2 (m/s) Energy (J) = 1 2 × mass (kg) × velocity 2  (m/s) “Energy (J)”=(1)/(2)xx”mass (kg)”xx”velocity”^(2)” (m/s)”\text{Energy (J)} = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{mass (kg)} \times \text{velocity}^2\text{ (m/s)}Energy (J)=12×mass (kg)×velocity2 (m/s)
Gravitational Potential Energy
Energy (J) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (N/m) × change in height (m) Energy (J) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (N/m) × change in height (m) “Energy (J)”=”mass (kg)”xx”gravitational field strength (N/m)”xx”change in height (m)”\text{Energy (J)} = \text{mass (kg)} \times \text{gravitational field strength (N/m)} \times \text{change in height (m)}Energy (J)=mass (kg)×gravitational field strength (N/m)×change in height (m)
Power
Power (W) = Energy (J) Time (s) Power (W) = Energy (J) Time (s) “Power (W)”=(“Energy (J)”)/(“Time (s)”)\text{Power (W)} = \frac{\text{Energy (J)}}{\text{Time (s)}}Power (W)=Energy (J)Time (s)
Efficiency
Efficiency (%) = Useful Energy output (J) Energy input (J) × 100 % Efficiency (%)  = Useful Energy output (J) Energy input (J) × 100 % “Efficiency (%) “=(“Useful Energy output (J)”)/(“Energy input (J)”)xx100%\text{Efficiency (%) }= \frac{\text{Useful Energy output (J)}}{\text{Energy input (J)}} \times 100\%Efficiency (%) =Useful Energy output (J)Energy input (J)×100%
Efficiency (%) = Useful Power output (W) Power input (W) × 100 % Efficiency (%)  = Useful Power output (W) Power input (W) × 100 % “Efficiency (%) “=(“Useful Power output (W)”)/(“Power input (W)”)xx100%\text{Efficiency (%) }= \frac{\text{Useful Power output (W)}}{\text{Power input (W)}} \times 100\%Efficiency (%) =Useful Power output (W)Power input (W)×100%
Moment
Force (N) × Perpendicular Distance to Force (m) = Moment (Nm) Force (N) × Perpendicular Distance to Force (m) = Moment (Nm) “Force (N)”xx”Perpendicular Distance to Force (m)”=”Moment (Nm)”\text{Force (N)} \times \text{Perpendicular Distance to Force (m)} = \text{Moment (Nm)}Force (N)×Perpendicular Distance to Force (m)=Moment (Nm)

P3 Waves

Wave Speed
Speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) × wavelength (m) Speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) × wavelength (m) “Speed (m/s)”=”frequency (Hz)”xx”wavelength (m)”\text{Speed (m/s)} = \text{frequency (Hz)} \times \text{wavelength (m)}Speed (m/s)=frequency (Hz)×wavelength (m)
Reflection
Angle of incidence (°) = Angle of reflection (°) Angle of incidence (°) = Angle of reflection (°) “Angle of incidence (°)”=”Angle of reflection (°)”\text{Angle of incidence (°)} = \text{Angle of reflection (°)}Angle of incidence (°)=Angle of reflection (°)
Refraction
sin ⁡ ( angle of incidence ) sin ⁡ ( angle of refraction ) = refractive index sin ⁡ ( angle of incidence ) sin ⁡ ( angle of refraction ) = refractive index (sin(“angle of incidence”))/(sin(“angle of refraction”))=”refractive index”\frac{\sin(\text{angle of incidence})}{\sin(\text{angle of refraction})} = \text{refractive index}sin⁡(angle of incidence)sin⁡(angle of refraction)=refractive index

P4 Electricity and Magnetism

Electric Charge
Current (A) = charge (C) time (s) Current (A) = charge (C) time (s) “Current (A)”=(“charge (C)”)/(“time (s)”)\text{Current (A)} = \frac{\text{charge (C)}}{\text{time (s)}}Current (A)=charge (C)time (s)
Resistance
Resistance (Ω) = Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance (Ω) = Voltage (V) Current (A) “Resistance (Ω)”=(“Voltage (V)”)/(“Current (A)”)\text{Resistance (Ω)} = \frac{\text{Voltage (V)}}{\text{Current (A)}}Resistance (Ω)=Voltage (V)Current (A)
Electrical Power
Power (W) = Voltage (V) × Current (I) Power (W) = Voltage (V) × Current (I) “Power (W)”=”Voltage (V)”xx”Current (I)”\text{Power (W)} = \text{Voltage (V)} \times \text{Current (I)}Power (W)=Voltage (V)×Current (I)
Electrical Energy
Energy (J) = Voltage (V) × Current (I) × Time (s) Energy (J) = Voltage (V) × Current (I) × Time (s) “Energy (J)”=”Voltage (V)”xx”Current (I)”xx”Time (s)”\text{Energy (J)} = \text{Voltage (V)} \times \text{Current (I)} \times \text{Time (s)}Energy (J)=Voltage (V)×Current (I)×Time (s)
Resistors in Series
Total Resistance (Ω) = Resistance 1 (Ω) + Resistance 2 (Ω) Total Resistance (Ω) = Resistance 1 (Ω) + Resistance 2 (Ω) “Total Resistance (Ω)”=”Resistance 1 (Ω)”+”Resistance 2 (Ω)”\text{Total Resistance (Ω)} = \text{Resistance 1 (Ω)} + \text{Resistance 2 (Ω)}Total Resistance (Ω)=Resistance 1 (Ω)+Resistance 2 (Ω)
Resistors in Parallel
1 Total Resistance (Ω) = 1 Resistance 1 (Ω) + 1 Resistance 2 (Ω) 1 Total Resistance (Ω) = 1 Resistance 1 (Ω) + 1 Resistance 2 (Ω) (1)/(“Total Resistance (Ω)”)=(1)/(“Resistance 1 (Ω)”)+(1)/(“Resistance 2 (Ω)”)\frac{1}{\text{Total Resistance (Ω)}} = \frac{1}{\text{Resistance 1 (Ω)}} + \frac{1}{\text{Resistance 2 (Ω)}}1Total Resistance (Ω)=1Resistance 1 (Ω)+1Resistance 2 (Ω)
Transformers
Voltage in primary coil (V) Voltage in secondary coil (V) = Number of primary coils Number of secondary coils Voltage in primary coil (V) Voltage in secondary coil (V) = Number of primary coils Number of secondary coils (“Voltage in primary coil (V)”)/(“Voltage in secondary coil (V)”)=(“Number of primary coils”)/(“Number of secondary coils”)\frac{\text{Voltage in primary coil (V)}}{\text{Voltage in secondary coil (V)}} = \frac{\text{Number of primary coils}}{\text{Number of secondary coils}}Voltage in primary coil (V)Voltage in secondary coil (V)=Number of primary coilsNumber of secondary coils
Current in primary coil (A) × Voltage in primary coil (V) = Current in secondary coil (A) × Voltage in secondary coil (V) Current in primary coil (A) × Voltage in primary coil (V) = Current in secondary coil (A) × Voltage in secondary coil (V) “Current in primary coil (A)”xx”Voltage in primary coil (V)”=”Current in secondary coil (A)”xx”Voltage in secondary coil (V)”\text{Current in primary coil (A)} \times \text{Voltage in primary coil (V)} = \text{Current in secondary coil (A)} \times \text{Voltage in secondary coil (V)}Current in primary coil (A)×Voltage in primary coil (V)=Current in secondary coil (A)×Voltage in secondary coil (V)
Power Loss in Cables
Power (W) = Current 2 (A) × Resistance (Ω) Power (W) = Current 2  (A) × Resistance (Ω) “Power (W)”=”Current”^(2)” (A)”xx”Resistance (Ω)”\text{Power (W)} = \text{Current}^2\text{ (A)} \times \text{Resistance (Ω)}Power (W)=Current2 (A)×Resistance (Ω)

P6 Space Physics

Speed (m/s) = ( 2 × π × radius of orbit (m) ) Time period of orbit (s) Speed (m/s) = ( 2 × π × radius of orbit (m) ) Time period of orbit (s) “Speed (m/s)”=((2xx pi xx”radius of orbit (m)”))/(“Time period of orbit (s)”)\text{Speed (m/s)} = \frac{(2 \times \pi \times \text{radius of orbit (m)})}{\text{Time period of orbit (s)}}Speed (m/s)=(2×π×radius of orbit (m))Time period of orbit (s)

Recall Facts

P1 Motion Forces and Energy

  • Gravitational field strength on Earth (g) = 9.8N/kg

P2 Thermal Physics

  • Water boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure = 100°C
  • Water melting point at standard atmospheric pressure = 0°C

P3 Waves

  • Longitudinal Waves: Oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
  • Transverse Waves: Oscillations are parallel to the direction of propagation.
  • Examples of Longitudinal Waves: Sound waves.
  • Examples of Transverse Waves: Electromagnetic waves, water waves.
  • Colors in order of frequency:
    • Red (Lowest Frequency, Longest Wavelength)
    • Orange
    • Yellow
    • Green
    • Blue
    • Indigo
    • Violet (Highest Frequency, Shortest Wavelength)
  • Electromagnetic Spectrum in order of frequency:
    • Radio waves (Lowest Frequency, Longest Wavelength)
    • Microwave
    • Infrared
    • Visible
    • Ultraviolet
    • X-ray
    • Gamma ray (Highest Frequency, Shortest Wavelength)
  • Speed of Light: 3.0 × 10 8 3.0 × 10 8 3.0 xx10^(8)3.0 \times 10^83.0×108 m/s
  • Human Hearing Range: 20Hz – 20,000Hz

P6 Space Physics

  • Order of planets from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
  • Diameter of the Milky Way: 100,000 light-years
  • Age of the Universe: 13.8 billion years

*Based on physics formulas compiled by Gareth Wright, this version has been reformatted and adapted by Eason Liu for better readability and accessibility

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